This space contains reference text
beginning next to Question 13.
Read the following text
from Act I of Shakespeare's The Tragedy of Macbeth.
Choose the best responses to the prompts which are
to the right of the reading (Questions 13-18).
There is one and only one correct answer to each
prompt.
Act 1, Scene iii
Lines 38-61
MACBETH
38 So
foul and fair a day I have not seen.
BANQUO
39 How
far is't call'd to Forres? — What are these
40 So
wither'd and so wild in their attire,
41 That
look not like the inhabitants o' the earth,
42 And
yet are on't? Live you? or are you aught
43 That
man may question? You seem to understand me,
44 By
each at once her choppy finger laying
45 Upon
her skinny lips: you should be women,
46 And
yet your beards forbid me to interpret
47 That
you are so.
MACBETH
Speak,
if you can: what are you?
First
Witch
48 All
hail, Macbeth! hail to thee, Thane of Glamis!
Second
Witch
49 All
hail, Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor!
Third
Witch
50 All
hail, Macbeth, thou shalt be king hereafter!
BANQUO
51 Good
sir, why do you start, and seem to fear
52 Things
that do sound so fair? — I' the name of truth,
53 Are
ye fantastical, or that indeed
54 Which
outwardly ye show? My noble partner
55 You
greet with present grace and great prediction
56 Of
noble having and of royal hope,
57 That
he seems rapt withal; to me you speak not.
58 If
you can look into the seeds of time,
59 And
say which grain will grow and which will not,
60 Speak then
to me, who neither beg nor fear
61 Your
favours nor your hate.
Read the following text
from Act I of Shakespeare's The Tragedy of Macbeth.
Choose the best responses to the prompts which are
to the right of the reading (Questions 19-24).
There is one and only one correct answer to each
prompt.
Act I, Scene iv
Lines 33-53
DUNCAN
My plenteous
joys,
34 Wanton
in fullness, seek to hide themselves
35 In
drops of sorrow. Sons, kinsmen, thanes,
36 And
you whose places are the nearest, know
37 We
will establish our estate upon
38 Our
eldest, Malcolm, whom we name hereafter
39 The
Prince of Cumberland; which honour must
40 Not
unaccompanied invest him only,
41 But
signs of nobleness, like stars, shall shine
42 On
all deservers. From hence to Inverness,
43 And
bind us further to you.
MACBETH
44 The
rest is labour, which is not used for you:
45 I'll
be myself the harbinger and make joyful
46 The
hearing of my wife with your approach;
47 So
humbly take my leave.
DUNCAN
My worthy Cawdor!
MACBETH [Aside.]
48 The
Prince of Cumberland! that is a step
49 On
which I must fall down, or else o'erleap,
50 For
in my way it lies. Stars, hide your fires,
51 Let
not light see my black and deep desires;
52 The
eye wink at the hand; yet let that be
53 Which
the eye fears, when it is done, to see.
Read the following text
from the article "Jurors & Juries to answer Questions
27-28).
Jurors & Juries
by Collomia Charles
The Areopagus was a court whose members were former
archons or state officials. The court met next to the
Acropolis, on a hill that was also called Areopagus,
which means “the hill of Mars.” Similar in many ways to
a Council of Elders, the Areopagus upheld the rules and
traditions of the aristocracy of Athens for centuries.
Then, in 462 B.C., the Athenian statesman Ephialtes
greatly weakened its power. He did so by transferring
most of the powers once assigned to the Areopagus to the
Heliaia, the high court of Athens.
With Ephialtes’ changes, most cases were no longer
judged by a small segment of the population that was
experienced, wealthy, and powerful, but by juries whose
members were everyday Athenians. We know much about what
happened in these courts, because speeches survive from
trials covering everything from murder to embezzlement
of public funds to political misconduct.
Jury Selection
In 507 B.C., Cleisthenes divided Athens into 10 demes,
or districts. To form a jury pool of 6,000, each of the
10 demes chose, by lot, 600 citizens over the age of 30.
After swearing an oath, each juror was given a ticket
inscribed with his name, his father’s name, his deme,
and a letter of the alphabet to show in which section of
the jury pool he belonged. For most trials, a jury
consisted of 501 citizens, but some were as small as 201
or as large as 1,501. Enormous juries made it almost
impossible for either side to use bribery, intimidation,
or trickery to win a verdict.
Athenian courts had no judges or lawyers, only an
organizing official known as the hegemon. The prosecutor
and the defendant each spoke for himself. Within a
specific amount of time that was marked by a water clock
(the hole at the bottom allowed the water to escape
slowly or to be stopped from flowing if there was a
pause in the proceedings), each had to make a persuasive
argument, read aloud the laws that were important in his
case, and call the witnesses who supported his argument.
Public Speaking
Becomes All-Important
In this type of court system, the ability to speak well
in public became extremely important. So, there soon
arose a group of professional educators, known as
sophists, who claimed that they could teach students to
argue either side of any case. They also said that they
could train students to think and act in a way that
would give them an advantage if they ever had to appear
in court. Soon, an entirely new profession was
launched—that of logographos, or speech writer. If
anyone did not feel confident enough to create his own
persuasive speech, he could now hire someone to write it
for him.
How They Voted
After both speakers finished presenting their cases in
court, the jury voted. As early as the 450s B.C., voting
was done by secret ballot. According to the
fourth-century B.C. Greek philosopher Aristotle, jurors
were given two ballots. Each was a copper disk with a
rod through the middle. One rod was hollow; the other
was solid. A juror would choose the hollow ballot if he
agreed with the prosecutor and the solid ballot if he
agreed with the defense. Each juror would drop the
ballot he had chosen into a bronze jar; the other
ballot—the one he did not use—he would drop into a
wooden jar.
After the votes were counted and guilt or innocence had
been established, the court would decide on a penalty.
Juries could impose fines, strip citizens of their
rights, and impose sentences of exile or death.
Imprisonment was possible, but rare and only for
non-citizens. In 399 B.C., in what has become history’s
most famous trial, the Greek philosopher Socrates was
found guilty of impiety and corrupting the young men of
Athens. He lost his case by only 30 votes. However, when
jurors voted for his punishments, 110 jurors voted for
the death penalty. Why the change? It is said that
Socrates’ suggestion that he be given a dinner at public
expense and then that he pay an extremely small fine
angered those jurors who had earlier voted him “not
guilty.” |